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'''Jack Herer''' (/ˈhɛrər/; June 18, 1939 – April 15, 2010), sometimes called the "Emperor of Hemp", was an American [[cannabis]] activist and the author of ''[[The Emperor Wears No Clothes]]'', a book which has been used in efforts to [[Legality of cannabis |decriminalize and legalize cannabis]] and to expand the use of [[hemp]] for industrial use. Herer also founded and served as the director of the organization Help End Marijuana Prohibition (HEMP).
[[File:Jack Herer.jpg|thumb|right|Jack Herer]]

== Biography ==

A former Goldwater Republican, Herer was a pro-cannabis and "hemp" activist. He wrote two books, The Emperor Wears No Clothes and Grass. There has also been a documentary made about his life called, The Emperor of Hemp.


He believed that the cannabis plant should be decriminalized and argued that it could be used as a renewable source of fuel, medicine, food, fiber and paper/pulp and that it can be grown in virtually any part of the world for medicinal as well as economical purposes. He further asserted that the U.S. government has been deliberately hiding the proof of this from the citizens of this nation intentionally.


A specific [[strain]] of [[cannabis ]]has been named after Jack Herer in honor of his work. This strain has won several awards, including the 7th [[High Times]] [[Cannabis Cup]]. Jack Herer was also inducted into the Counterculture Hall of Fame at the 16th Cannabis Cup in recognition of his first book.


Herer ran for United States President twice, in 1988 (1,949 votes) and 1992 (3,875 votes) as the[[ Grassroots Party]] candidate.


He is survived by his wife Jeannie Herer, and his six children Barry, Daniel, Mark, River, Chanci, and B.J.


== Health problems ==

In July 2000, Herer suffered a minor heart attack and a major stroke, resulting in difficulties speaking and moving the right side of his body. Herer mostly recovered, and claimed in May 2004 that treatment with the Amanita muscaria, a psychoactive mushroom, was the "secret".

On September 12, 2009 Herer suffered another heart attack while backstage at the Hempstalk Festival in Portland, Oregon.

He was discharged to another facility on October 13, 2009. Paul Stanford of The Hemp and Cannabis Foundation said "He is waking up and gazing appropriately when someone is talking... but he is not really communicating in any way." He died aged 70 on April 15, 2010 in Eugene, Oregon, from complications related to the September 2009 heart attack. Herer was buried at the Eden Memorial Park Cemetery in Mission Hills, California.


== Criticism ==

European experts on hemp, like Dr. Hayo M.G. van der Werf, author of the doctoral thesis Crop physiology of fibre hemp (1994), and Dr. Ivan Bûcsa criticized Herer for making unrealistic claims regarding the potential of hemp.


*Herer claimed that hemp produces higher yields than other crops. Van der Werf argued that is simply wrong. Under most favorable growing conditions, other crops such as maize, sugar beet or potato produced similar dry matter yields. Fiber hemp is in no way exceptional.


*Herer claimed that hemp hurds, which make up 60 to 80% of the stem dry weight, contain 77% cellulose. Van der Werf argued that is wrong. Cellulose content of hemp hurds has been found to vary between 32 and 38% (Bedetti and Ciaralli 1976, van der Werf 1994). Possibly, Herer confused the hurds, which form the woody core of the hemp stem, with the bark, which forms the outer layer of the hemp stem. The bark contains the long bast fibers which are used in textile manufacturing.


*Herer claimed that hemp could be grown on 6 million hectares in the European Union, something that should have produced millions of tons of hemp fiber. The present production of hemp fiber in EU is only around 0.023 million ton/year. Dr. Ivan Bûcsa argues that it was a great exaggeration to expect millions of tons since it is not worth transporting unprocessed hemp more than 40–50 km even in bales.

== Works ==

'''Books'''

*''The Emperor Wears No Clothes'' (1985, 1990) [and online edition, text only]

*''G.R.A.S.S.: Great Revolutionary American Standard System'' [with Al Emmanuel] (1973)


'''Articles'''

*"Cannabis Medicines Banned"

*"Hemp For Victory Coverup"